As a clean secondary energy source, the hydrogen industry chain spans four major stages: production → storage & transport → refueling → utilization (fuel cells). Hydrogen has extremely small molecules that easily permeate materials, causes hydrogen embrittlement in metals, and is highly flammable and explosive. This makes fluid piping far more than just a "channel" — it is a critical component determining the safety and service life of the entire system. In recent years, key fluid connection components from electrolyzers to hydrogen refueling stations have been accelerating domestic substitution — this is precisely where KUNGFLEX's ultra-high pressure hoses, double ferrule fittings, and metal bellows come in.

In this chain, flexible hoses, rigid piping, and fittings together form the "blood vessels of hydrogen." They directly determine whether a system can operate safely over its design life, facing three core challenges:

1. High Pressure & Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance: Refueling pressures reach H35/H70 (35/70 MPa), with even higher pressures at storage tanks and compressor outlets. If piping or fittings are not resistant to hydrogen embrittlement, long-term high pressure leads to grain boundary embrittlement, micro-cracking, and eventual leakage or rupture. Therefore, hydrogen-embrittlement-resistant materials (e.g., 316L stainless steel with Ni content >12%) and highly reliable sealing structures (double ferrule two-point seal) must be selected.

2. Low Permeation Barrier: Hydrogen molecules are extremely small and can penetrate ordinary rubber layers, causing permeation loss and safety hazards. Piping inner layers must use low-permeation materials such as PTFE/PFA to keep permeation rates within ISO 19880-5 standard limits.

3. Ready-to-Install & Traceable: Standardized assemblies combining double ferrule fittings + rigid tubing + flexible hoses, paired with metal bellows to absorb equipment vibration and thermal expansion/contraction, are ready-to-install upon arrival at site with batch traceability — avoiding sealing risks and downtime from on-site pipe fitting